Showing posts with label freedom. Show all posts
Showing posts with label freedom. Show all posts

Freedom according to the Old Testament

 In the book of Deuteronomy (30:19), the people of Israel are told: “I call heaven and earth to witness against you this day, that I have set before you life and death, blessing and curse; therefore choose life, that you and your descendants may live.” 

The book of Sirach or Ecclesiasticus (15:14-17) reiterates this point: “It was he who created man in the beginning, and he left him in the power of his own inclination. If you will, you can keep the commandments, and to act faithfully is a matter of your own choice. He has placed before you fire and water: stretch out your hand for whichever you wish. Before a man are life and death, and whichever he chooses will be given to him.”


Freedom according to the CCC

 “God created man a rational being, conferring on him the dignity of a person who can initiate and control his own actions. God willed that man should beleft in the hand of his own counsel, so that he might of his own accord seek his Creator and freely attain his full and blessed perfection by cleaving to him(Gaudium et Spes 17; Sirach 15:14).Man is rational and therefore like God; he is created with free will and is master over his acts(St Irenaeus, Adv. haeres. 4,4,3)” (CCC 1730).

“Freedom is the power, rooted in reason and will, to act or not to act, to do this or that, and so to perform deliberate actions on one's own responsibility. By free will one shapes one's own life. Human freedom is a force for growth and maturity in truth and goodness; it attains its perfection when directed toward God, our beatitude” (CCC 1731).

Man's dignity therefore requires him to act out of conscious and free choice, as moved and drawn in a personal way from within, and not by blind impulses in himself or by mere external constraint. Man gains such dignity when, ridding himself of all slavery to the passions, he presses forward to his goal by freely choosing what is good and, by his diligence and skill, effectively secures for himself the means suited to this end (GS 17)” (CCC 2339)

Mary "helps us in our growth, she helps us to face life, she teaches us to be free"


[Emphases have been added and are not part of the original text.]

Dear brothers and sisters!

This evening we are here before Mary. We have prayed to her, to maternally take us more and more in union with her Son Jesus; we have brought her our joys and our sorrows, our hopes and our difficulties; we have invoked her with the lovely name “Salus Populi Romani” (“protectress of the Roman people”) asking for all of us, for Rome, for the world that she keep us in good health. Yes, because Mary gives us health, she is our saving grace.

With his Passion, Death and Resurrection, Jesus Christ brings us salvation, the grace and the joy of being God’s children and the possibility of calling him with the name of the Father. Mary is a mother, a mother who takes care above all of the health of her children and knows how to heal them with her great and tender love. The Madonna is the custodian of our health. What does this mean? My thoughts go, above all, to three aspects: she helps us in our growth, she helps us to face life, she teaches us to be free.

1. A mother helps her children to grow and it is her wish that they grow well; this is why she teaches them to not yield to laziness – which is something that derives also from certain well-being -, she teaches them not to adapt themselves to a life of ease that desires nothing beyond material possessions. A mother takes care that her children’s growth is not stunted, that they grow strong and capable of taking responsibilities upon themselves, that they take on commitments in life and lean towards great ideals. The Gospel of Luke says that in the family of Nazareth Jesus “grew and became strong in spirit, filled with wisdom; and the grace of God was upon Him”(Luke 2,40). This is exactly what the Madonna does with us, she helps us to grow humanely and in faith, to be strong and not to yield to the temptation of being men and Christians in a superficial way, but to live with responsibility, reaching upwards all the time.

2. And then, a mother thinks of the health of her children, teaching them to face the difficulties of life. One does not educate, one does not look after someone’s health avoiding problems, as if life was a highway without obstacles. A mother helps her children to look to the problems in life with realism, not to lose oneself in them but to tackle them with courage, not to be weak, to know how to overcome them, in a healthy balance that a mother can “feel” is to be found in between the areas of safety and of risk. A life without challenges does not exist and a boy or a girl who does not know how to face challenges and put himself or herself on the line, has no backbone! Let us remember the parable of the Good Samaritan: Jesus does not commend the behavior of the priest or of the Levite, who avoid assisting the traveler who had been beaten, robbed and left half dead along the road, but that of the Samaritan who saw the situation of the man and tackled it in a concrete manner. Mary lived many difficult times in her life, from the birth of Jesus, when “there was no room for him in the inn” (Luke 2,7), up until the Calvary: (John 19,25). And like a good mother she is close to us so that we never lose courage before the adversities of life, before our own weaknesses, before our sins: she gives us strength, she points to the path of her Son. From the cross, indicating John, Jesus tells Mary: “Woman, here is your son,” and to John: “Here is your mother!” (John 19,26-27). We are all represented by that disciple: the Lord entrusts us to the loving hands and to the tenderness of the Mother, so that we can rely on her support when we face and overcome the difficulties of our human and Christian journey.

3. One last aspect: a good mother not only accompanies her children during their growth, not avoiding the problems and the challenges of life; a good mother also helps to take important decisions with freedom. But what does freedom mean? Certainly not doing all that one wants, letting oneself be dominated by passions, passing from one experience to the next without discernment, following the trends of the moment; freedom does not mean, so to say, throwing all that one does not like from the window. Freedom is given to us so that we make good choices in life! As a good mother, Mary teaches us to be, like she is, capable of making important decisions with the same full freedom with which she answered “yes” to God’s plan for her life (Luke 1,38).

Dear brothers and sisters, how difficult it is in our time to take important decisions! The ephemeral seduces us. We are victims of a tendency that pushes us towards the ephemeral… as if we wished to remain adolescents throughout our lives! We must not be afraid of definitive commitments, of commitments that involve and have an effect on our whole lives. In this way our lives will be fruitful!

The whole existence of Mary is a hymn to life, a hymn to love and to life: she generated Jesus the man and she accompanied the birth of the Church on Mount Calvary and in the Cenacle. The “Salus Populi Romani” is the mother that looks after our growth, she helps us face and overcome problems, she gives us freedom when we make important decisions; she is the mother who teaches us to be fruitful of good, joy, hope, to give life to others, both physical and spiritual life.

This is what we are asking of you this evening, Oh Mary, Salus Populi Romani, for the people of Rome, for all of us: give us the grace that only you can give, so that we may always be signs and tools of life.


教宗:瑪利亞,請助我們抵禦誘惑作出明確選擇

教宗方濟各返回聖母雪地大殿誦念玫瑰經。每一個「好媽媽」「幫助我們成長、面對生活、享受自由。」「沒有挑戰的人生不存在的,孩子不知道該如何面對挑戰」。自由「不是按自己的需要去做,讓個人的激情帶動,沒有辨別之下,從一個經驗傳遞到下一個。自由是給我們在生活中做出正確的選擇!」

羅馬(亞洲新聞) - 能夠作出明確的決定,以抗拒誘惑。教宗懇求瑪利亞,形容她的生命是一首「生命贊歌」,作為一位「好媽媽」,「幫助我們成長、面對生活、享受自由。」祈禱時常是生命的標記和工具,這是教宗方濟各今晚在羅馬聖母雪地大殿,向聖母誦念玫瑰經后的默想分享。

教宗抵達首間在西方奉獻給聖母的大殿。他在3月14日(圖)他當選翌日曾經到哪裡祈禱。在傍晚時,已有大批群眾在等候他。他在大門處吻了十字架,作為「接管」大殿的象征行動,然后入內在聖母畫像前祈禱,誦念玫瑰經的歡喜五端。

在聖母祈禱后,教宗方濟各向在場的信眾,談到瑪利亞作為一位母親,就像所有好媽媽一樣,「照顧她的孩子的健康,並知道她如何以偉大和溫良的愛如何來治療他們。聖母是我們健康的托管人。什麼意思?我想,這有三方面:她幫助我們成長;她幫助我們面對生活;她教導我們要自由。」

「一位母親幫助其孩子成長,她希望他們長大;這就是為什麼她教導子女不要屈服於懶惰。她教導他們不要不用隻渴望超越物質財富。一位母親照顧孩子,隻要他們的成長不是發育不良,他們成長強壯,能夠負起自己的責任,及承諾在生活的投身,以及傾向偉大的理想。聖母幫助我們以人性和在信德中成長,要堅強,而不要屈服於膚淺的誘惑,人和基督徒,要度有責任的生活,時常向上。」

「然后,母親挂心孩子的健康,教導他們面對生活的困難。人不是教育,不是看顧他們的健康以避免有問題,仿佛生命是一條沒有障礙的公路。一位母親幫助她的孩子面對現實生活中存在的問題,不要在他們中失去自己,但要有勇氣去解決這些問題,不是要軟弱,而是要知道如何克服這些問題,以一個健康的平衡方式,一位母親可以感受,可以在安全及有風險之間。」

「最后一方面:一位好母親不僅伴隨著她的孩子,他們的成長過程中,不回避問題和生活的挑戰;一位好母親,有助充滿自由去作出重大決策。但自由是什麼意思?當然不要讓自己的激情主導事情,要有明辨能力,把一個經驗傳遞到下一個。否則,就像把不喜歡的東西從窗口扔出去,這不是自由。自由要我們在生活中做出很好的選擇!作為一個好母親,瑪利亞教導我們,在重要的決定,一如她自己,以充分自由,對於天主對她的生活的計劃,回答『是』。」

「我們的時代要作出重要決定是何等困難!這短暫的事誘惑我們。我們是這種傾向的受害者,它催迫我們邁向短暫。一如我們希望我們的整個生活保持青少年心態!我們絕不能害怕明確承諾,該承諾要參與並影響我們的整個生命。這樣,我們的生活將是碩果累累!」

「瑪利亞的存在是一首生命贊歌,一首愛與生命的贊歌。她養育耶穌成人,她在加爾瓦略山上陪伴教會誕生,在晚餐廳亦然。聖母照顧我們的成長,她可以幫助我們面對和克服的問題,她給了我們自由去做重要決定;她是教我們富有善、喜悅、希望、給生命別人,包括身體和精神生活。這是我今天晚上,希望大家一起祈禱。噢,瑪利亞,為了羅馬人民,為我們所有人:求你給我們的恩寵,隻有你可以給我們,成為我們生命的標志和工具。」【妮】

http://www.asianews.it/news-zh/%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%EF%BC%9A%E7%8E%9B%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%EF%BC%8C%E8%AF%B7%E5%8A%A9%E6%88%91%E4%BB%AC%E6%8A%B5%E7%A6%A6%E8%AF%B1%E6%83%91%E4%BD%9C%E5%87%BA%E6%98%8E%E7%A1%AE%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9-27834.html

We are in a sense our own parents, and we give birth to ourselves by our own free choice of what is good. Such a choice becomes possible for us when we have received God into ourselves and have become children of God, children of the Most High. On the other hand, if what the Apostle calls the form of Christ has not been produced in us, we abort ourselves. The man of God must reach maturity.

Now if the meaning of a timely birth is clear, so also is the meaning of a timely death. For Saint Paul every moment was a time to die, as he proclaims in his letters: I swear by the pride I take in you that I face death every day. Elsewhere he says, For your sake we are put to death daily and we felt like men condemned to death.

How Paul died daily is perfectly obvious. He never gave himself up to a sinful life but kept his body under constant control. He carried death with him, Christ’s death, wherever he went. He was always being crucified with Christ. It was not his own life he lived; it was Christ who lived in him. This surely was a timely death-a death whose end was true life.

(St Gregory of Nyssa, Sermon on Ecclesiastes)

Your son told M. de la Salle that he was only entering this state because you wanted him to, that he had longed for death because of it and that to humour you he would take minor orders. Now then, is that a vocation? (…) Leave it to God to guide him (…). Leave him to the guidance of God. He is well able to call him at another time if he wants to or to give him work suited to his well-being. [p. 66]

(St Vincent de Paul. From Jacques Delarue, The Holiness of Vincent de Paul, Geoffrey Chapman Ltd, London 1960, 132 pp)

"Authority" … "obedience". To be frank, these are not easy words to speak nowadays. Words like these represent a "stumbling stone" for many of our contemporaries, especially in a society which rightly places a high value on personal freedom. Yet, in the light of our faith in Jesus Christ -- "the way and the truth and the life" -- we come to see the fullest meaning, value, and indeed beauty, of those words. The Gospel teaches us that true freedom, the freedom of the children of God, is found only in the self-surrender which is part of the mystery of love. Only by losing ourselves, the Lord tells us, do we truly find ourselves (cf. Lk 17:33). True freedom blossoms when we turn away from the burden of sin, which clouds our perceptions and weakens our resolve, and find the source of our ultimate happiness in him who is infinite love, infinite freedom, infinite life. "In his will is our peace".

(Benedict XVI, Homily, Mass at Yankee's Stadium, New York, 20 April 2008)

Dear friends, truth is not an imposition. Nor is it simply a set of rules. It is a discovery of the One who never fails us; the One whom we can always trust. In seeking truth we come to live by belief because ultimately truth is a person: Jesus Christ. That is why authentic freedom is not an opting out. It is an opting in; nothing less than letting go of self and allowing oneself to be drawn into Christ’s very being for others (cf. Spe Salvi, 28).

(Benedict XVI, Meeting with Young People and Seminarians, Saint Joseph Seminary, Yonkers, New York, 19 April 2008)

Freedom is not only a gift, but also a summons to personal responsibility. Americans know this from experience – almost every town in this country has its monuments honoring those who sacrificed their lives in defense of freedom, both at home and abroad. The preservation of freedom calls for the cultivation of virtue, self-discipline, sacrifice for the common good and a sense of responsibility towards the less fortunate. It also demands the courage to engage in civic life and to bring one’s deepest beliefs and values to reasoned public debate. In a word, freedom is ever new. It is a challenge held out to each generation, and it must constantly be won over for the cause of good (cf. Spe Salvi, 24). Few have understood this as clearly as the late Pope John Paul II. In reflecting on the spiritual victory of freedom over totalitarianism in his native Poland and in eastern Europe, he reminded us that history shows, time and again, that “in a world without truth, freedom loses its foundation”, and a democracy without values can lose its very soul (cf. Centesimus Annus, 46). Those prophetic words in some sense echo the conviction of President Washington, expressed in his Farewell Address, that religion and morality represent “indispensable supports” of political prosperity.

(Benedict XVI, South Lawn of the White House, Washington, D.C. Wednesday, 16 April 2008)

Man's deeper questionings

The world of today reveals itself as at once powerful and weak, capable of achieving the best or the worst. There lies open before it the way to freedom or slavery, progress or regression, brotherhood or hatred. In addition, man is becoming aware that it is for himself to give the right direction to forces that he himself has awakened, forces that can be his master or his servant. He therefore puts questions to himself.

The tensions disturbing the world of today are in fact related to a more fundamental tension rooted in the human heart. In man himself many elements are in conflict with each other. On one side, he has experience of his many limitations as a creature. On the other, he knows that there is no limit to his aspirations, and that he is called to a higher kind of life.

Many things compete for his attention, but he is always compelled to make a choice among them. and to renounce some. What is more, in his weakness and sinfulness he often does what he does not want to do, and fails to do what he would like to do. In consequence, he suffers from a conflict within himself, and this in turn gives rise to so many great tensions in society.

Very many people, infected as they are with a materialistic way of life, cannot see this dramatic state of affairs in all its clarity, or at least are prevented from giving thought to it because of the unhappiness that they themselves experience.

Many think that they can find peace in the different philosophies that are proposed.
Some look for complete and genuine liberation for man from man’s efforts alone. They are convinced that the coming kingdom of man on earth will satisfy all the desires of his heart.

There are those who despair of finding any meaning in life: they commend the boldness of those who deny all significance to human existence in itself, and seek to impose a total meaning on it only from within themselves.

But in the face of the way the world is developing today, there is an ever increasing number of people who are asking the most fundamental questions or are seeing them with a keener awareness: What is man? What is the meaning of pain, of evil, of death, which still persist in spite of such great progress? What is the use of those successes, achieved at such a cost? What can man contribute to society, what can he expect from society? What will come after this life on earth?

The Church believes that Christ died and rose for all, and can give man light and strength through his Spirit to fulfil his highest calling; his is the only name under heaven in which men can be saved.

So too the Church believes that the centre and goal of all human history is found in her Lord and Master.

The Church also affirms that underlying all changes there are many things that do not change; they have their ultimate foundation in Christ, who is the same yesterday, today and for ever.

(Vatican II, Gaudium et Spes)

[W]e can refuse Christ just as we refuse others: I will not give You my hands to work with, my eyes to see with, my feet to walk with, my mind to study with, my heart to love with. You knock at the door but I will not open. I will not give You the key of my heart.

(Blessed Mother Teresa, The Private Writings of the "Saint of Calcutta")

The Gospel passage we have just heard broadens our view. It presents the history of Israel from Abraham onwards as a pilgrimage, which, with its ups and downs, its paths and detours, leads us finally to Christ. The genealogy with its light and dark figures, its successes and failures, shows us that God can write straight even on the crooked lines of our history.

God allows us our freedom, and yet in our failures he can always find new paths for his love. God does not fail. Hence this genealogy is a guarantee of God’s faithfulness; a guarantee that God does not allow us to fall, and an invitation to direct our lives ever anew towards him, to walk ever anew towards Jesus Christ.

(Benedict XVI, Homily in the Basilica of Mariazell, 8 September 2007)
Full text: http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/homilies/2007/documents/hf_ben-xvi_hom_20070908_mariazell_en.html